Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока

5. Literatures of Far East & South East Asia: Past and Present Issues of Far Eastern Literatures: Materials of the 11th International Scientific Cconference. June 27–29, 2024 78 Saengnateswang Vera (IWL RAS), ivanova_vera-alex@mail.ru “Bot Atsatyan” (“Miraculous Strrophes”): Experience in Translating Taboo Meanings in the Form of Euphemistic Metaphors in Classical Poems of Siam Until the mid-nineteenth century, highly stylized but relatively explicit depictions of eroticism were common in Siamese literature and art. In Thai poetics this phenomenon— in relation to classical literature— was called "bot atsatyan". This term, literally translated into Russian as ”udivitel'nye strofy” (“miraculous stanzas”) or ”udivitel'nye sceny” (“miraculous scenes”), refers to parts of the poems in which the love rela- tionships between the characters are described in the language of metaphors and euphemisms. The authors correlate bodily love with natural phenomena, replacing direct nominations with indirect ones. The activity of the masculinity and the passivity of the feminine are correlated with the pollination of flowers by insects, with heavy rain or lightning that comes after a storm, with the playfulness of fish swimming in a pond, etc. Such softening and masking of taboo information or its elements creates the problem of correct understand- ing of the content of the artistic the work, the correct interpretation of its meaning and the translation of the text from Thai into a foreign language. The report presents translations of “miraculous stanzas” from the poems “Lilit Phra Lo”, “Sepha Khun Chang, Khun Phen”, “Phra Aphaimani”, “Inao”, “Raden Landai”, “Kaki Klon Suphap”, identifies the most frequently used symbols of nature, which Siamese authors most often used as euphemistic metaphors, and describes the difficulties that arose in transmitting the subtleties of the original text into Russian due to differences in the norms of Russian and Thai literary and cultural traditions as well as the taboo nature of the “bot atsatyan” topic. Keywords: “bot atsatyan”, taboo meanings in literature, Thai (Siamese) literature, euphemistic meta- phors, Thai poetry. Selimov Mazay (IWL RAS), mazay_sv@yahoo.com Neo-Confucian Scholar Kaibara Ekiken and his “Precepts for Raising Children the Japanese Way” The report is dedicated to the analysis of a Japanese source from the 18th century titled “Rules of Child Rearing in Japanese” ( 和俗童子訓 , Wazoku Dōji Kun, 1710). This unique pedagogical treatise was written during the Tokugawa period ( 徳川時代 , 1603–1968) by the Neo-Confucian scholar Kaibara Ekiken ( 貝原益 軒 , 1630–1714). The composition is a didactic tract in the genre of “kakun” ( 家訓 , family instructions) and consists of five scrolls, the first four of which are dedicated to early education and the upbringing of boys, while the fifth scroll focuses on the education of girls. The research aims to present to the academic community a complete translation of this valuable monument, which was directed towards the moral education of individu- als, profoundly influencing Japanese society by shaping and describing a set of values and behavioral norms. The text gained widespread popularity in Japan until 1945, and references to it can be found in the works of prominent Japanese writers of the 20th century. What set this treatise apart from preceding family chronicles was one significant detail — it was written in simple Japanese (with a minimal number of characters), making it accessible to a wide audience. This accessibility contributed to its fame, establishing it as a kind of first uni- fied work of its kind in Japan. The treatise has not been subject to specific study and has not been translated into Western languages (the fifth scroll was translated and published in 2013 by A. S. Oskina). The research will attempt to define the “kakun” genre, introduce the presented source into scholarly discourse, highlight its fundamental value, as it has shaped the basic principles of child rearing in Japan for centuries. Keywords: Neo-Confucian scholar Kaibara Ekiken, child-rearing in Japan, neo-Confucian sources, genre “kakun”.