Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока

28 Issues of Far Eastern Literatures: Materials of the 11th International Scientific Cconference. June 27–29, 2024 2. NEWTASKS IN THE STUDY OF CLASSICAL CHINESE LITERATURE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION AND INFORMATIZATION Bonch-Osmolovskaya Olga (IOM RAS), olga.bonch.osmolovskaya@gmail.com Genre Theory in China: Problems of Definition and Principles of Classification As M. M. Bakhtin wrote, “a work is real only in the form of a certain genre” — there are no “extra- genre” works. Genres are not only a combination of formal techniques, but also “a form of seeing and comprehending certain aspects of the world”. The theory of genre has been developed in some detail on the material of European literature . However, when it comes to Chinese literature and the genre system, the situation becomes more complicated. How was genre understood in Chinese literary theory? Was it subject to historical changes? In this paper, we build on the idea that genre is a “classifier” and a condition for adequately understanding the meaning of literary phenomena. The belonging of a work to a certain genre indicates traditional, historically stable aspects of its meaning.Genre theory in China: problems of defining concepts and principles of classification Speaking of Confucian genres, as such, let us propose the author's position in relation to the authoritative tradition. That is, the way the author of a Confucian commentary positioned himself in relation to: a) the tradition; b) the works of his predecessors. For genres of literature, however, the distinction between structural-functional “genre” and expressive “style” (ti 體 裁 vs wenti 文體 ) must be considered. Depending on the context, ti 體 can indicate 1) a formal-structural characteristic, 2) the function of the work, and 3) the style of the text. Chinese authors did not strive for a uniform character of classification and works could be categorized into one or another genre on the basis of thematic characteristic (landscape poems), formal characteristic (poems of address and answers of zenda), genetic characteristic (yuefu poems), etc. Accordingly, it is necessary to construct a historical typology of genres, through which the patterns of development of China's literary process and intellectual history will be clarified. This will make it possible to understand the reasons for applying the same marker. Keywords: Chinese literature, literary criticism, genre theory, commentary, wenti, ticai.