Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Дальневосточные литературы в России и русская литература в странах Дальнего... Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1 67 (17) (a) 㔉⇽⢋ᥔྦ gěi mǔniújǐnǎi — доить корову (‘to milk a cow’) (b) ᥔй⅑⢋ྦ jǐ sān-cì niú nǎi — доить корову три раза (‘to milk a cow thrice’) The instrumental preposition ⭘ yòng prototypically introduces a physical instrument or a means of action performance, offering the Agent’s controlled effect on a patientive object (18) (18) ⭘ᯗཤ⸽ᯝ㔣㔶 yòng fǔtóu kǎn duàn shénglǎn — топором обрубить трос (‘to cut off the hawser with an axe’) As to our research, the class is represented by the two predicates ࢢՔ gēshāng and ᕩ tán . The semantics of the Russian verb порезаться [чем-либо] (‘to cut oneself [with something]’) does not imply a purposeful action — this is a non- agentive situation, wherein razor, knife, etc. act not as an instrument, but as cause- like argument. In Mandarin Chinese, this meaning is rendered using indirect object introduced by the preposition ⭘ yòng with the transitive verb ࢢՔ gēshāng — поре- зать (‘to cut’), whereas the reflexive pronoun 㠚ᐡ zìjǐ in the postposition to the verb (19) shows that the action refers to the same person: (19) ⦻ ࡊ ⭘ࡳ࠰ࢢՔҶ㠚ᐡ Wáng Gāng yòng tìdāo gēshāng-le zìjǐ — Ван Ган порезался бритвой (‘Wang Gang cut himself with a razor’) The Russian verb играть [на музыкальном инструменте ] (‘to play [(on) a musical instrument]’) corresponds with ᕩ tán — играть (‘to play’), which provides two alternatives: linear position (the basic SVO order with no other dependant-mar- king) (20а), whereas another choice for the predicate ᕩ tán — играть [на чем-либо] (‘to play [something]’) is to move down the second argument that is marked with the instrumental preposition ⭘ yòng , cf. (20а) and (20b). Such variation is observed in Russian — for example, in contraposition of the accusative and instrumental case, cf. бросить камень / бросить камнем (‘to throw a stone’): (20a) ⦻ ࡊ ൘ᕩਹԆ Wáng Gāng zài tán jítā — Ван Ган играет на гитаре (‘Wang Gang plays the guitar’). (20b) ⦻ ࡊ ⭘䫒⩤ᕩҶаᴢlj㠤⡡ѭэNJ Wáng Gāng yòng gāngqín tán-le yī-qū “zhì Àilìsī” — Ван Ган сыграл на фортепьяно «К Элизе» (‘Wang Gang has played ”Für Elise” on the piano’) Verbs of emotional states and mental activity imply an animate main participant in any language. The stimulus for Chinese predicates of this type, which are repre- sented by verbs of psychoemotional states or adjectives, is introduced using the add-