Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Секция 4 • Panel 4 Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Т. 1 64 the preposition 㻛 bèi) and raising the object to the subject position in an O 㻛 SV structure, cf. (12a-c): (12a) ⤇૜Ҷ⤬ gǒu yǎo le láng — Собака укусила волка (‘The dog bit the wolf’) (12b) ⤀⤨޽ᢺ᡻૜Ҷ húlí zài bǎ shǒu yǎo le — Лисица снова куснула руку (‘The fox has bitten the hand again’) (12c) ᡁ㻛⯟⤇૜ҶᘾѸ࣎˛ Wǒ bèi fēng gǒu yǎo le zěnme bàn — Что мне делать, (если) покусала бешеная собака?! (‘What should I do [if] the rabid dog bit [me]?!’) In contrast to the basic SVO order, the SOV pattern, wherein direct object in the preposition is marked with the preposition ㈲ bǎ , is not neutral and restricts interpretation of NP as definite. As noted above, despite the postverbal position, NP often do not represent direct objects, they do not pass diagnostic object tests. This is due to optional use of function words in Mandarin Chinese, which in our case results in ambiguity of direct and indirect object in a sentence. In (13а), the postpositional NP denotes a location-like argument, hence the relevant function word can be added after the verb (13b), cf.: (13) жить в гостинице (‘to live in a hotel’) (а) տ依ᓇ zhù fàndiàn (b) տ ೽ 依ᓇ zhù zài fàndiàn Despite the formal similarity with free word groups, the possibility to separate components and certain syntactic transformations (expansion, modification), separable words líhécí also do not pass the object tests, consequently, are not prototypical transitive verbs in Chinese. The analysis of the data gathered and diagnostic tests performed allowed categorizing as transitive only those predicates, which managed to pass both direct object status tests successfully — the questionnaire contained 48 such predicates. They may be considered to be typical transitive verbs. They are: ᢄ rēng — бросать (‘to throw’); ਆ qǔ — взять (‘to take’); 䎒 yíng — выиграть (‘to win’); 䎦 gǎn — гнать (‘to chase’); ᣈᕟ zhéwān — гнуть (‘to bend’); ᤯ ⵰ názhe — держать (‘to hold’); 䎦к gǎnshàng — догнать (‘to run down’); ਲ਼ chī — есть (‘to eat’); ❾ jiān — жарить (‘to roast’); ㅹ děng — ждать (‘to wait’); ᘈ䇠 wàngjì — забывать (‘to forget’); ਛ jiào — звать (‘to call’); ࡦ 䙐 zhìzào — изготовлять (‘to manufacture’); ᥆㤖 wākǔ — издеваться (‘to maltreat’); ᢮ zhǎo — искать (‘to search’); ࡧ shuā — красить (‘to paint’); ૜ y ǎ o — кусать (‘to bite’); ᥹ zhuō — ловить (‘to catch’); ᣈᯝ zhéduàn — ломать