Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Дальневосточные литературы в России и русская литература в странах Дальнего... Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1 63 down behind’), пахнуть (‘to smell’) was translated as ᮓਁણ sànfā wèi — lit. испускать вкус (‘to emit taste’), слушаться (‘to obey’) as ⏔宅 tīng huà — lit. слушать речь (‘to listen to the speech’), соглашаться (‘to agree’) as ਼᜿᜿㿱 tóngyì yìjiàn — lit. согласиться с мнением (‘to agree with an opinion’), сим- патизировать (‘to sympathize’) as ᴹྭᝏ yǒu hǎogǎn — lit. иметь хорошее чувство (‘to have a good feeling’). 3. Findings The situation with transitivity and two-place predicates inMandarin Chinese does not appear to be so univocal. This is due to several factors. First, the linear order is the main attribute of argument coding in sentences with two-place verbs; however, since not only direct object may follow a verb in a Chinese sentence linearly, not every unmarked nominal group following a verb denotes a patientive argument; postverbal position may be occupied by arguments with the most diverse semantic roles. Thus, despite the similarity with the above model, the nominal component 嶗 lù — путь, дорога (‘way, road’) in (10) with the verb 崘 zǒu — идти (‘to go’) denotes not a Patient, but a participant with another semantic role (namely, a Route), thus expressing spatial and not object relations. That is, the linear order itself relates to the number of fixed devices of coding with some stipulations: (10) ѪӰѸᡁ䎠䐟ˈᴸӞҏ䐏ᡁ䎠˛ Wèishéme wǒ zǒu lù, yuèliàng yě gēn wǒ zǒu — Почему, когда я иду по дороге, месяц идет за мной? (‘Why when I walk the moon follows me?) There are also more complicated cases, when formally coinciding units show absolutely different semantic and syntactic relations between components. Thus, postpositional noun can be adequately analyzed and interpreted only considering its lexical meaning. Cf. uses of the verb ㇻ dǎ — играть [в игры с мячом] (‘to play [ball games]’) in (11): (11) ㇻ咅䎫 dǎ lánqiú — играть в баскетбол (‘to play basketball’) ġ ㇻ㖍㛔旇 dǎ Rìběn duì — обыграть сборную Японии (‘to outplay the Japan national team’) ġ ㇻ⤍彸Ể dǎ Àoyùnhuì — играть на Олимпийских играх (‘to play at the Olympic games’) ġ ㇻ㖞斜ⶖ dǎ shíjiānchā — обыграть по времени (‘to outplay in time’) The criteria for distinguishing direct and indirect object in Chinese were defined in [Mullie 1932]. They imply that direct object is such object that successfully passes the direct object status test: 1) raising the object with ᢺ bǎ and moving it into the preverbal position in an S ᢺ OV structure, 2) the passivizability (with