Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Секция 4 • Panel 4 Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Т. 1 62 disappearing of something or somebody is predicated (depending on the aspectual form and the verbal meaning), but also the mode of its existence is specified (8): (7) 䈅傼ѝࠪ⧠Ҷᯠ䰞仈 shìyàn zhōng chūxiànle xīn wèntí — В ходе экспе- римента обнаружились новые проблемы (‘In course of the experiment, new problems emerged’) (8) ້кᤲ⵰ ࠐ ᕐ⭫ Qiáng shàng guàzhe jǐ zhāng huà — На стене висит несколько картин (‘On the wall, there hang several pictures’) No proper names or other definite NP are possible in this position. Existential sentences have locative inversion, wherein the first argument occurs in the postverbal position, whereas a locative group (noun + locative) usually appears in the beginning of the sentence: ້к qiáng-shàng — на стене (‘on the wall’) in (8), which indicates not the main participant’s location (in space or time), as, for instance, in locative sentences, but the center of a certain systems of relationships, that’s why an animate noun can be used in this function in Mandarin Chinese, when the field of existence is narrowed down to the personal field (9). Such existential sentences are represented by possessive structures у кого-либо (‘with somebody’) in Russian, cf.: (9) Ԇ↫䗷ањუྷҶ Tā sǐguò yī gè xífù le — У него когда-то умерла жена (‘His wife once passed away‘, lit. ‘He once (had) his wife passed away‘) (the example is taken from [Yakhontov 1957]). 2. Research Data The Data was gathered as a result of a survey among informants and verified against the Chinese corpus (http://ccl.pku.edu.cn :8080/ccl_corpus/). During translation of the questionnaire that contained 130 bivalent lexical units with non- standard coding, some Russian stimulus verbs showed several ways of expression or varied government in Chinese — these examples were registered separately. The research primarily considered two-place verbs; however, since in Chinese the boundaries between the classes of verbs and adjectives does not coincide with Russian, in a number of cases in Chinese material, not a verb, but a word of another part of speech, a combination of several lexemes and etc. corresponded to a stimulus verbal lexeme in Russian. It was possible to translate a part of verbal stimuli into Chinese adequately only with adjectives, which are close to verbs in their grammatical properties in this system. Anumber of predicates were translated into Chinese periphrastically; thereby, however, the overall valency class of these expressions encompassed the syntactic positions, whose coding was supposed to be analyzed within the project, for example: отстать (‘to lag [behind]’) was represented as 㩭൘ਾ䶒 lùo zaì hoùmian — lit. опуститься позади (‘to go