Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 2

Литературы стран Дальнего Востока и ЮВА: прошлое и настоящее Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1. 2018 191 The Spirit of Rock was Kao Lo who served An Duong Vuong (3 rd century BC). This ruler was also associated with the Golden Turtle, she helped him set the defenses of Koloa fortress and gave him her claw which became a trigger for the magical crossbow. According to B. L. Riftin, the plot of this tale itself was drafted as a genuinely Vietnamese story, apparently, in the first centuries AD. It was included by the 6 th -century Chinese author Li Tao Yuan in “Commentary on the Book of Waters”. The ancient version of the tale still lacked both the Golden Turtle and her claw which was used by some Kao Lo to make a trigger for his crossbow. Kao Lo is a holy wizard who helped king An Duong and made him a crossbow which was capable of hitting three hundred people with a single shot 1 . In “ABrief History of Vietnam” (Viet su luoc, 13 th century), this fable is described as follows: “At that time, An Duong Vuong had an extraordinary man named Kao Lo (who) managed to manufacture a willow crossbow. He made ten shots with a single stretch (of a bow). (Kao Lo) taught an army of ten thousand people. Vu hoang (Chao T’o — Е. К.) became aware of that and sent his son Thuy as a hostage in attempt to establish good relationships between them (Vu hoang andAn Duong). Subsequently, Vuong (An Duong Vuong) grew to treat Kao Lo somewhat worse. Kao Lo left him. Moreover, Vuong’s daughter Mi Chau sinned with Thuy. Thuy convinced Mi Chau to show (him) the wonder crossbow. Once he got what he wanted he broke the mechanism and sent the supreme messenger to Vu hoang…” 2 The tale “Vuong Strong, Firm, Respected, Gracious” from the collection “About Mysterious Forces and Spirits of Viet Land” also mentions the spirit of rock – Kao Lo. It reads as follows: “Vuong was named Kao Lo, he was a gifted commander, served An Duong Vuong, his second name was Do Lo, he was also called Thanh Than—Spirit of Rock. Subsequently, the governor of the Tan dynasty —Gao Pianh pacified the state of Nan Chao. When his army was returning it passed through Vu Ninh district. At night, the commander went to sleep and he saw a remarkable man nine- thuoc high. He called himself Kao Lo and said: “In olden times, I served toAn Duong Vuong, I enjoyed a high credit in the eyes of the state, destroyed and expelled robbers. I was defamed by officials and killed by the ruler. When I died, the Overlord had mercy on me as a person who was known for his loyalty and sent me to watch the mountains and rivers, pacify disorders and at the same time patronize people in matters of farming — he made me a good spirit of this region. And now, I followed you to help kill the villains and return your capital city. If I left without saying good-bye, that would be wrong.” “Why were you so hated?” — Gao Pianh inquired. 1 Рифтин Б. Л. Зарождение и развитие классической вьетнамской новеллы// Повелитель демонов ночи. М., 1969. С. 206 2 Краткая история Вьета // Пер. с вэньяня, вст. ст., комм. А. Б. ПоляковаМ., 1980. С. 110