Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 1

Новые вопросы изучения классической китайской литературы... Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1. 2018 247 ever since my mother died there has been no one — literally no one — who has ever spoke in that sort of way. I am not surprised Cousin Yun speaks so highly of you. I used to hate it when I heard her praise your kindness, but since experiencing it myself. I know what she means. If it had been you who’d said those things in the drinking game, I should have been quite merciless. I should never have kept quiet about it at the time and gently remonstrated about it later, when we were alone together, as you did. I knew from that that I had been wrong about you and that you must really care for me. If my eyes hadn’t been opened for me then, I should never be talking to you like this today. (Hawkes,1973) In the first place, there is much missed out in the English translation. Hawkes must have taken the consideration for the Western readership and rearranged the conversation in a way that is more appropriate for the English narrative logic. In the original text, there are quite a few transitional markers that do not contain any transitional function, and this is a typical way of the Chinese narrative. Taking Daiyu’s reply as an example, Njㄏnj appeared five times in her reply, if compared with the English translation, there is no intention to endeavor adding any English equal terms. Of course, this does not mean that Hawkes ought to be criticized, but the disappearance of such equivalent term f or Njㄏnj i n the English translation made it difficult to trigger the readers’ compassion for Daiyu’s situation in the Family of Jia because of the lack of linguistic substance. In the second place, Njㄏnj is a transitional word in the Chinese language. Nevertheless, three out of five cases of Njㄏnj in Daiyu’s reply are actually not adversative. And these three cases are: 1. ㄏབྷᝏ◰֐DŽ 2. ᖰᰕㄏᱟᡁ䭉ҶDŽ 3. ਟ⸕ᡁㄏ㠚䈟ҶDŽ All of the examples mentioned above are cases in the Chinese language when an adversative transitional word is applied, no actual adversative function is meant to be provided. In fact, they are used as modal particles to emphasis. And this linguistic phenomenon is a typical way of expression of Daiyu’s. Furthermore, this frequent use of an adversative transition without the implied adversative logic, reveals that the person who speaks intend to stress the tone while concealing such eagerness of directness. Of course it has to do with the social status of the unmarried aristocratic ladies of the Qing dynasty. Quite the opposite from our modern values, it would be a shame for the unmarried aristocratic ladies to make decisions for themselves, which means that they have no male seniors to rely on. And this is the situation of Daiyu’s, compared with Baochai, she has nothing to rely on, so as she reveals to Baochai: ‘There’s no comparison between us,’ said Dai- yu. ‘You’ve got your mother and your brother for a start. You’ve got property and businesses. You’ve still got land and a home of your own back in Nanking.’(Hawkes,