Проблемы литератур Дальнего Востока. Часть 1

Новые вопросы изучения классической китайской литературы... Issues of Far Eastern Literatures. Vol. 1. 2018 245 Nj䶒nj are usually mentioned as a compound which literally means the flour and dough. Thus in the text, Fang Guan, the opera performer who is financially supported by the Jia family, in order to maintain her self-esteem, she must emphasis to the concubine 䎥ဘ၈ that she never performed for the common people. And she is different from the so called Nj㊹ཤ䶒ཤnj , the opera performers who dress up and perform for the common people, pathetically selling their talents to the common audience. Secondly, Fang Guan addresses the person she is speaking to as Njဘྦྦnj in the original text, and this term was missed out in Hawkes’ English translation. However in fact, when reading The Dream of the Red Chamber, if well aware of the significant difference of each character’s social status, it is obvious that the tones of dialogues are distinctively arranged. In other words, each character uses a particular tone when talking to someone superior, coordinate or inferior. In the above case, although in terms of social status, a concubine married to the head of the house, Jia Zheng should be superior to an opera performer supported by the family, Fang Guan still shows no respect at all to 䎥ဘ၈ . And this disrespect can be proved by her defense for honor instead of maintaining her humbleness. The negligence of such subtleness of cultural features in the translation can be ascribed to the inobservance of the nobility culture. The fact is that in the aristocratic families, concubines are not respected at all, as the concubine normally comes from a family that is inferior to the husband’s family in terms of social status, aristocratic rank and wealth, thus she may not be regarded as noble. Moreover, in The Dream of the Red Chamber, all the daughters who come from the four great families of Jinling are never married to someone as a concubine. This is only one example indicating the untranslatable cultural features, either because of negligence or the foreignizing translation methodology applied in consideration of the Western readership. However, there is no possibility for the readers to reach to a non-superficial understanding without taking a closer look at the cultural features missed out in the translation. Once the misunderstandings could be resolved, much progress can be made in the field of cultural studies and comparative literature. Part Two: LinguisticApproaches to The Dream of the Red Chamber 2.1. Dialogue in The Dream of the Red Chamber ‘Dialogue was an indispensable technique in novel writing during Ming-Qing times.’ (Sun, 2011) In The Dream of the Red Chamber, dialogue analyses should not only be discussed on purely literary basis. In the previous studies, scholars have used literary methodologies for dialogue analyses to form the character analyses in The Dream of the Red Chamber. Even though it is acknowledged that each character has his or her own specific way of speaking that might represent a certain